When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a dash, and then the mass number (A), i.e. "element-A". When abbreviated, the element's symbol is used, prefixed by a superscripted mass number, above a subscripted atomic …Learn how to identify and calculate the relative abundances of isotopes using mass spectrometry, a technique that ionizes and deflects ions based on their mass-to-charge ratios. Find out how to use the unified atomic …5 Aug 2021 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.An isotope refers to a sample of atoms. When the number of protons and neutrons of an individual atom is studied, it is called a nuclide of the element. In nuclear …Interpreting Chemical Symbol. 5. Definition of Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element which contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. 6. Isotopes O 16 8 mass number proton number Oxygen-16 Oxygen-17 Oxygen-18 O O 17 8 18 8 n = 8 n = 17 – 8 = 9 n = 18 – 8 = 10. 7.An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. Learn how to write isotope notation in different ways, such as element name, …Notice how the isotope notation changes when you do this. A. What does the top number equal? 4 B. Which particle determines the atomic number? Protons In isotope notation there are two numbers to the left of the element symbol. The …Sep 13, 2019 · The atomic mass of an element on the periodic table is an average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. Isotope Notation. There are two common methods of writing isotopes: (1) The element name or symbol is listed first, followed by a dash and then the mass number of the isotope. Name of the isotope: Bromine-79; Br-79 Symbol: 79 Br or 7935 Br Mass number A: 79 (= number of nucleons) Atomic number Z: 35 (= number of protons) Neutrons N: 44 Isotopic mass: 78.918338 (9) u ( atomic weight of Bromine-79) Nuclide mass: 78.8991384 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons) Mass excess: -76.06766 MeV Mass defect: …Answer: 20 10 N e 10 20 N e, 21 10 N e 10 21 N e, 22 10 N e 10 22 N e. Exercise: Given the hyphen notation, write the nuclear notation. Refer to the periodic table as needed. Chlorine-34, Li-7, and H-2. Show Answer. Hydrogen is often given as an example of isotopes. Note that the three stable isotopes of Hydrogen are given special names. Cr has an atomic number ( Z) of 24, so it has 24 p +. With 24 p + and 30 n 0, the mass number of this atom is 54. The isotope notations include: chromium-54 Cr-54 54Cr 54 C r 5424Cr 24 54 C r chromium-54 Cr-54 54Cr 54 C r 5424Cr 24 54 C r This represents the NUMBER of nuclear particles.... Let's take a simple example, i.e. for hydrogen, the MOST abundant element in this universe. Most hydrogen nuclei contain the ONE nuclear particle, i.e. one proton....and we would represent this ISOTOPE as ""^1H, "protium", to reflect its mass. A smaller percentage of hydrogen atom …International Isotopes News: This is the News-site for the company International Isotopes on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksName of the isotope: Aluminium-27; Al-27 Symbol: 27 Al or 2713 Al Mass number A: 27 (= number of nucleons) Atomic number Z: 13 (= number of protons) Neutrons N: 14 Isotopic mass: 26.9815385 (7) u ( atomic weight of Aluminium-27) Nuclide mass: 26.974407 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons) Mass excess: -17.19678 MeV Mass defect: 0. ...IDAHO FALLS, Idaho, Aug. 18, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- International Isotopes Inc. (OTCQB: INIS) (the 'Company' or 'INIS') announces its financial resu... IDAHO FALLS, Idaho, Aug. 18, 2...In this video, we are going to go through how to write in isotopic symbol, or also known as isotope notation or nuclear notation. Basically, isotopic symbol ...Apr 24, 2017 · This notation is very easy to learn, although a little practice never hurts. Here's how to write isotopes for different elements. Look up the element you want to study on the periodic table and copy down its symbol. The symbol for carbon, for example, is a capital C. Find the atomic number or proton number for your element. Isotopes close isotope Atoms of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons. of an element close element A substance made of one type of atom only ...Naturally Occurring Beryllium Isotopes. Beryllium-9 is the only stable isotope found on earth. The smallest traces of the radioactive nuclides 7 Be and 10 Be can be detected as radioisotopes of cosmic origin. The beryllium-11 atom is one of the so-called halo nuclei; it consists of 4 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus and a weakly bound ...How to Write Isotopes. Scientists use a specific notation to represent isotopes, which includes the element’s symbol and mass number. For example, carbon …You don't need to be a chemist to appreciate isotopes. They affect geology and medicine, too. HowStuffWorks explains the science behind isotopes. Advertisement Atoms are the "build...11 Dec 2020 ... Find the parts of an atoms given isotope information.The way we represent these isotopes is through what we call isotope notation. Now this is just the representation for an isotope, and it includes its atomic number, which, remember, is Z. It's mass number, which is a and now it's elements Symbol X. Remember, our periodic table of the elements has the display of all the elements that we know off ... Aug 2, 2021 · When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a dash, and then the mass number (A), i.e. "element-A". When abbreviated, the element's symbol is used, prefixed by a superscripted mass number, above a subscripted atomic number. In ... 16 Jan 2024 ... Isotope Notation #2? How many protons, neutrons, electrons? Chemistry Homework. 1 view · 16 minutes ago #chemistrytravels #periodictable19 Sept 2011 ... Your browser can't play this video. Learn more.uranium-235 (U-235), radioactive isotope of the element uranium with a nucleus containing 92 protons and 143 neutrons.Uranium-235 is the only naturally occurring fissile material; that is, the uranium-235 nucleus undergoes nuclear fission when it collides with a slow neutron (a neutron with a kinetic energy less than 1 electron volt).. Uranium …Aug 2, 2021 · When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a dash, and then the mass number (A), i.e. "element-A". When abbreviated, the element's symbol is used, prefixed by a superscripted mass number, above a subscripted atomic number. In ... To write the symbol for an isotope, place the atomic number as a subscript and the mass number (protons plus neutrons) as a superscript to the left of the atomic …Apr 19, 2023 · The symbols for the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine then would be Cl and Cl. Strictly speaking, the subscript is unnecessary, since all atoms of chlorine have 17 protons. Hence the isotope symbols are usually written without the subscript: 35 Cl and 37 Cl. In discussing these isotopes, we use the. terms chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. An isotope is a variation of an element where the atom contains the same number of protons and electrons, but differs in the number of neutrons it contains in the nucleus. For example this shows three isotopes of Hydrogen. video from: enter link description here. Plmz1221 · · Oct 14 2014. Copper (29 Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63 Cu and 65 Cu, along with 27 radioisotopes. The most stable radioisotope is 67 Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours, while the least stable is 54 Cu with a half-life of approximately 75 ns. Most have half-lives under a minute. Unstable copper isotopes with atomic masses below 63 tend to undergo β + decay, while isotopes …The isotope symbol for iodine-131 is ""_53^131"I". The isotope symbol, called isotope notation or nuclear notation indicates both the atomic number, "Z", and the mass number, "A" of an isotope. The mass number is written as a superscript on the left-hand side of the element's chemical symbol, "X". The atomic number (no. of protons) is …General data. Name of the isotope: Phosphorus-31; P-31 Symbol: 31 P or 3115 P Mass number A: 31 (= number of nucleons) Atomic number Z: 15 (= number of protons) Neutrons N: 16 Isotopic mass: 30.973761998 (5) u ( atomic weight of Phosphorus-31) Nuclide mass: 30.9655334 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons) Mass excess: -24.44054 MeV …An isotope is a variation of an element where the atom contains the same number of protons and electrons, but differs in the number of neutrons it contains in the nucleus. For example this shows three isotopes of Hydrogen. video from: enter link description here. Plmz1221 · · Oct 14 2014.Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons when in neutral atomic form. Different isotopes have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, resul...15 Dec 2023 ... So the notation for the carbon isotope would be as follows. Here, we have the chemical symbol C with the mass number 13 written at its top-left, ...Examples of isotopes are O-16, O-17 and O-18. These isotopes can be used in forensics, but are even more accurate in their ability to tell whether a certain rock originated on Eart...Nuclear Notation. Standard nuclear notation shows the chemical symbol, the mass number and the atomic number of the isotope. Example: the isotopes of carbon. The element is determined by the atomic number 6. Carbon-12 is the common isotope, with carbon-13 as another stable isotope which makes up about 1%. Carbon 14 is radioactive …Jul 29, 2021 · Because most elements exist as mixtures of several stable isotopes, the atomic mass of an element is defined as the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes. For example, naturally occurring carbon is largely a mixture of two isotopes: 98.89% 12 C (mass = 12 amu by definition) and 1.11% 13 C (mass = 13.003355 amu). isotope and ions practice worksheet name: ... We do not need the atomic number for this notation because all isotopes have the same atomic number and the number stays the same. Here are three isotopes of an element: 612 C 613 C 614 C a. The element is: Carbon_____ b.Isotopes are atoms that have the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, so it now has more or fewer electrons than it does protons. So an ion has a negative or positive charge. All atoms are isotopes and if an isotope gains or loses electrons it becomes an ion.5 Aug 2021 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.In this video, we discuss how to write and interpret isotope notation (also called isotope symbols, nuclide notation, nuclide symbols, and more). In the midd...General data. Name of the isotope: Lithium-7; Li-7 Symbol: 7 Li or 73 Li Mass number A: 7 (= number of nucleons) Atomic number Z: 3 (= number of protons) Neutrons N: 4 Isotopic mass: 7.01600344 (3) u ( atomic weight of Lithium-7) Nuclide mass: 7.0143577 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons) Mass excess: 14.90711 MeV Mass defect: 0. ...In this video, we'll be looking at the different types of notation and how they're used to represent the atomic structure of elements. We'll be using both sy...Answer and Explanation: 1. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account. View this answer. The charge of potassium-39 is zero. Potassium-39 has 19 protons. You can find the number of protons by looking at the atomic number of the periodic... See full answer below.Aluminium or aluminum ( 13 Al) has 22 known isotopes from 22 Al to 43 Al and 4 known isomers. Only 27 Al ( stable isotope) and 26 Al ( radioactive isotope, t 1/2 = 7.2 × 105 y) occur naturally, however 27 Al comprises nearly all natural aluminium. Other than 26 Al, all radioisotopes have half-lives under 7 minutes, most under a second. 31 Oct 2023 ... The isotope notation for phosphorus is ^31P. The number 31 represents the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ...There are two types of isotope notation (also called nuclear notation) for the element Sodium (Na) Both show the difference in the number of neutrons (and m...There are two types of isotope notation (also called nuclear notation) for the element Lithium. Both show the difference in the number of neutrons (and mass...Introduction. As mentioned before, isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers. Isotopes are denoted the same way as nuclides, but they are often symbolized only with the mass numbers because isotopes of the same element have the the same atomic number.Carbon, for example, has two …Notation. An isotope and/or nuclide is specified by the name of the particular element (this indicates the atomic number) followed by a hyphen and the mass number (e.g. helium-3, helium-4, carbon-12, carbon-14, uranium-235 and uranium-239). Sep 13, 2019 · The atomic mass of an element on the periodic table is an average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. Isotope Notation. There are two common methods of writing isotopes: (1) The element name or symbol is listed first, followed by a dash and then the mass number of the isotope. An isotope is a variation of an element where the atom contains the same number of protons and electrons, but differs in the number of neutrons it contains in the nucleus. For example this shows three isotopes of Hydrogen. video from: enter link description here. Plmz1221 · · Oct 14 2014.Aluminium or aluminum ( 13 Al) has 22 known isotopes from 22 Al to 43 Al and 4 known isomers. Only 27 Al ( stable isotope) and 26 Al ( radioactive isotope, t 1/2 = 7.2 × 105 y) occur naturally, however 27 Al comprises nearly all natural aluminium. Other than 26 Al, all radioisotopes have half-lives under 7 minutes, most under a second. 31 Oct 2023 ... The isotope notation for phosphorus is ^31P. The number 31 represents the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ...Isotopes close isotope Atoms of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons. of an element close element A substance made of one type of atom only ...List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Bismuth. All atomic nuclei of the chemical element bismuth are summarized under bismuth isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 83 protons and, in the uncharged state, 83 electrons. The difference between each bismuth isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a …Isotopic Notation for the Isotope Carbon-14, The atomic number (number of protons) for the element carbon is 6 according to the periodic table. Carbon-14 is named from the isotope’s mass number, which is 14. Carbon is denoted by the chemical symbol C. Now write the carbon-14 isotopic notation. Although all isotopes of an element have roughly ... Jan 30, 2023 · Isotopes II. Although all atoms of an element have the same number of protons, individual atoms may have different numbers of neutrons. These differing atoms are called isotopes. All atoms of chlorine (Cl) have 17 protons, but there are chlorine isotopes with 15 to 23 neutrons. Only two chlorine isotopes exist in significant amounts in nature ... Jan 23, 2012 · In isotope notation, you can quickly show how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. You put the atomic number, mass number, and net charge around the chemical element symbol. As a percent, the equation would be: (x) + (100-x) = 100, where the 100 designates the total percent in nature. If you set the equation as a decimal, this means the abundance would be equal to 1. The equation would then become: x + (1 – x) = 1. Note that this equation is limited to two isotopes.A = N + Z Calculations. You already know how to find the mass number of an isotope by adding the protons and neutrons. We can state the relationship between protons, neutrons, and mass number with the following equation: atomic mass number = number of neutrons + atomic number (number of protons) Atomic mass number will be a whole number. In the periodic table, or in general, their notation will look like this: ... isotope. You can also remember it this way; the smaller number is the atomic number ...Cr has an atomic number ( Z) of 24, so it has 24 p +. With 24 p + and 30 n 0, the mass number of this atom is 54. The isotope notations include: chromium-54 Cr-54 54Cr 54 C r 5424Cr 24 54 C r chromium-54 Cr-54 54Cr 54 C r 5424Cr 24 54 C r Walkthrough of determining the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of a few atoms and ions that are expressed in various forms of notation.Isotope notation is used to visualize and discover what an isotope’s mass number is, as well as the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons an isotope contains . Isotope notation contains: the mass number, atomic number, and charge (if there is one) Since isotopes have the same atomic number, it is also common to omit the atomic number ... Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a ...Answer: 20 10 N e 10 20 N e, 21 10 N e 10 21 N e, 22 10 N e 10 22 N e. Exercise: Given the hyphen notation, write the nuclear notation. Refer to the periodic table as needed. Chlorine-34, Li-7, and H-2. Show Answer. Hydrogen is often given as an example of isotopes. Note that the three stable isotopes of Hydrogen are given special names. Atoms, isotopes and ions - AQA Ions. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Change the number of neutrons in an atom and it becomes an isotope, change the number of electrons, it ...Atoms, isotopes and ions - AQA Ions. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Change the number of neutrons in an atom and it becomes an isotope, change the number of electrons, it ...To see all my Chemistry videos, check outhttp://socratic.org/chemistryWe'll learn about what isotopes are and how to write atomic number and mass number in i...Rubidium (37 Rb) has 36 isotopes, with naturally occurring rubidium being composed of just two isotopes; 85 Rb (72.2%) and the radioactive 87 Rb (27.8%). Normal mixes [clarification needed] of rubidium are radioactive enough to fog photographic film in approximately 30 to 60 days.. 87 Rb has a half-life of 4.92 × 10 10 years.It readily substitutes for potassium in …The days when calculators just did simple math are gone. Today’s scientific calculators can perform more functions than ever, basically serving as advanced mini-computers to help m...So the notation for this isotope of carbon would look like this. We have the chemical symbol C with the mass number 12 written at its top-left, and the atomic number 6 written at its bottom-left. But for the isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons, the mass number would be 6 plus 7, or 13. So the notation for the carbon isotope would be as follows. Elements have families as well, known as isotopes. Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons in a nucleus determines the element’s atomic number on the Periodic Table. For example, carbon has six protons and is atomic number 6.When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a dash, and then the mass number (A), i.e. "element-A". When abbreviated, the element's symbol is used, prefixed by a superscripted mass number, above a subscripted atomic …The nuclear notation of carbon-14 is ""_6^14"C". This is called isotopic notation or nuclear notation. You write the chemical symbol for the element, then write the mass number as a superscript on the left side, and the atomic number as a subscript on the left side. Carbon-14 Mass number=14 Atomic number (from the periodic table)=6 …Answer link. ""_17^37"Cl" For starters, take a look in the Periodic Table and find the atomic number of sulfur, "S". Z_ "sulfur" = 16 Since your unknown atom contains 1 more proton than the sulfur-36 isotope, which contains 16 protons inside its nucleus, you can say that you're dealing with the element that has Z = 16 + 1 = 17 This element is ...beyond the third significant figure of the isotope ratio, it has become conventional to express isotopic abundances using a differential notation. To provide a concrete example, it is far easier to say – and to remember – that the isotope ratios of samples A and B differ by one part per thousand than to say that sample A has 0.3663 %15NIsotopes of the same element have different masses owing to the various number of neutrons at constant proton number in the nucleus. Universally, the mass number of nuclides (sum of protons and neutrons) is denoted on the left side of the atomic symbol as a superscript and the atomic number (number of protons) is noted as the left subscript …Cobalt-60. Cobalt-60 ( 60 Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years. [3] [4] : 39 It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors. Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope 59. . [5]Phosphorus-32. Phosphorus-32 ( 32 P) is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus. The nucleus of phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons, one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus, phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly. In the periodic table, or in general, their notation will look like this: ... isotope. You can also remember it this way; the smaller number is the atomic number ...The isotopes of plutonium range in atomic weight from 228.0387 u ( 228 Pu) to 247.074 u ( 247 Pu). The primary decay modes before the most stable isotope, 244 Pu, are spontaneous fission and alpha emission; the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before 244 Pu are isotopes of uranium and neptunium (not …In 2009 the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights introduced an interval notation on atomic weights that expressed the natural occurring variability in the isotopic composition of the elements. Hydrogen consists of two isotopes ... Isotope Abundance Worksheets: Isotope Abundance Worksheet. Key to Isotope Abundance …When employing formal scientific isotope notation, an isotope is usually expressed in longhand as the name of the chemical element, followed immediately by a dash, and then the mass number (A), i.e. "element-A". When abbreviated, the element's symbol is used, prefixed by a superscripted mass number, above a subscripted atomic …Jan 16, 2024Feb 4, 2020 · Isotope Examples. Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). Carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope (radioisotope). Uranium-235 and uranium-238 occur naturally in the Earth's crust. Both have long half-lives.
The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 39 Ar with a half-life of 268 years, 42 Ar with a half-life of 32.9 years, and 37 Ar with a half-life of 35.04 days. All other isotopes have half-lives of less than two hours, and most less than one minute. The least stable is 29 Ar with a half-life of approximately 4 × 10 −20 seconds. . R in sign language
Now, in isotope notation, the atomic number is added to the bottom-left and the mass number is added to the top-left of the chemical symbol. You will thus have #""_2^4"He" -># isotope notation for helium-4 #""_4^A"Be" -># isotope notation for the resulting isotope. Your goal now is to find the value of #A#, the mass number of theIsotopes are atoms that have the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, so it now has more or fewer electrons than it does protons. So an ion has a negative or positive charge. All atoms are isotopes and if an isotope gains or loses electrons it becomes an ion.There are two types of isotope notation (also called nuclear notation) for the element Sodium (Na) Both show the difference in the number of neutrons (and m... So carbon hyphen 13 refers to this isotope of carbon and this is called hyphen notation. So let me go ahead and write this hyphen notation. Alright, let's do one more example here. Let's do one that looks a little bit scarier. So let's do uranium. So U is uranium. The atomic number of uranium is 92. The mass number for this isotope is 235.19 Jul 2022 ... Learn about nuclear symbol notation. Get examples of writing the symbols of different isotopes and finding the number of protons or ...Music has been an integral part of human culture for centuries. From ancient civilizations to modern times, people have used various systems to notate and communicate musical ideas...Isotope Notation and Measurement 21 Overview This chapter gives an introduction to isotope notation, calculations, and measurement.The beginner should probably read only the first section, 2.1, then skip on to Chapter 3 which reviews ecological applications of these isotope tracers.Reading Section 2.1 should allow you to understand the rest7 Jul 2021 ... The isotope sign, also known as isotope notation or nuclear notation, represents an isotope's atomic number $ ,Z, $ as well as its mass ...In this video, we are going to go through how to write in isotopic symbol, or also known as isotope notation or nuclear notation. Basically, isotopic symbol ...Sep 2, 2018 · Uranium Notation Uranium is an element often described using this shorthand notation. Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are isotopes of uranium. Each uranium atom has 92 atoms (which you can verify using a periodic table), so these isotopes contain 143 and 146 neutrons, respectively. Exercise 2.3.1 2.3. 1. A fictional element has two isotopes and an atomic mass of 131.244 amu. If the first isotope (Isotope 1) has a mass of 129.588amu and the second isotope (Isotope 2) has a mass of 131.912 amu, which isotope has the greatest natural abundance? A) Isotope 1. B) Isotope 2. C) There are equal amounts.An isotope refers to a sample of atoms. When the number of protons and neutrons of an individual atom is studied, it is called a nuclide of the element. In nuclear …Isotopes of xenon. Complete table of nuclides. Xenon-133 (sold as a drug under the brand name Xeneisol, ATC code V09EX03 ( WHO )) is an isotope of xenon. It is a radionuclide that is inhaled to assess pulmonary function, and to image the lungs. [16] It is also used to image blood flow, particularly in the brain.Jan 30, 2023 · As mentioned before, isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers. Isotopes are denoted the same way as nuclides, but they are often symbolized only with the mass numbers because isotopes of the same element have the the same atomic number. Carbon, for example, has two naturally occurring isotopes, 126 C 6 12 ... 31 Oct 2023 ... The isotope notation for phosphorus is ^31P. The number 31 represents the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ...The mass number of an atom is the number of number of neutrons protons in the nucleus of the atom. 6. The isotope notation for nitrogen-15 is as follows:.Walkthrough of determining the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of a few atoms and ions that are expressed in various forms of notation..