13 Des 2021 ... The primary way to avoid IRMAA surcharges involves planning, specifically income planning. If your Medicare Part B will start at age 65, and the ...Tips for Avoiding an IRMAA Charge. In general, the best way to avoid unwanted IRMAA charges is to make sure your income remains steady throughout retirement. This means remaining just as vigilant about your IRMAA bracket as you are about your marginal tax rates. This is especially important if your income hovers near the …One more approach to mitigating or even avoiding Medicare surcharges is to file an appeal—especially in light of a life-changing event that may qualify for IRMAA reconsideration. These include: · The death …While IRMAA isn’t as well-known as other aspects of Medicare, having an awareness of its impacts, and thinking in advance of ways to address it, may help you when you’re retired. And by working with your financial advisor , you may be able to develop strategies that can help keep IRMAA from spelling trouble for you in the years ahead.IRMAA is a surcharge on your Medicare premiums for parts B (medical insurance) and D (prescription drug plan). It is based on modified adjusted gross incomes (MAGI) at or higher than $97,000 for individuals or $194,000 for married filing jointly couples. Up to five tiers of additional surcharges range from $78.10 to $472.00 monthly per person.Based on your forecast, It is pretty sure that the 2023 IRMAA will be around $97,000 or $98,000 for individual or MFS. for 2024 IRMAA, your forecast is $101,000 with zero inflation from now till August 2023. Following your calculation method, if inflation is -2%, the 2024 IRMAA will be $100,000.Oct 13, 2023 · IRMAA applicability and amounts are recalculated annually. The IRMAA surcharge is added to your 2023 premiums if your 2021 income was over $97,000 (or $194,000 if you’re married). For 2024, the IRMAA surcharge will be added to your premiums if your 2022 income was over $103,000 (or $206,000 if you’re married). The additional monthly premiums (as IRMAA surcharges) range from $230.80 per month to $560.50 per month for Medicare Part B premiums and between $12.20 and $76.40 in additional monthly premiums for Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage. CMS.gov provides a complete reference to IRMAA surcharges here. Tips to Avoid the IRMAA Surcharge14 Sep 2023 ... Ways to reduce or avoid IRMAA. The Social Security Administration (SSA) can make a determination if you must pay IRMAA at any time after you ...1/6. (Image credit: Thinkstock) 1. Manage Your Withdrawals. Once you turn 59½, you can withdraw money from your tax-deferred accounts without paying a 10% early-withdrawal penalty. The ...An income-related monthly adjustment amount, or IRMAA, is an extra Medicare cost added to your Part B and Part D premiums. The Social Security Administration determines whether you're required to pay an IRMAA based on the modified adjusted gross income reported on your IRS tax return from two years prior.This IRMAA creates a surcharge you must pay in addition to the standard premiums. The base Medicare Part D premium varies based on which plan you pick. However, Medicare Part B is a standard plan with a base price. For 2023, the standard Medicare Part B premium is $164.90 per month. This is down $5.20 per month or -3.06% from last year.While IRMAA isn’t as well-known as other aspects of Medicare, having an awareness of its impacts, and thinking in advance of ways to address it, may help you when you’re retired. And by working with your financial advisor , you may be able to develop strategies that can help keep IRMAA from spelling trouble for you in the years ahead.Consider a qualified charitable distribution (QCD) to avoid Medicare's IRMAA. Once you reach the age of 70 ½, the QCD allows you to donate a maximum of $100,000 ...An inheritance won’t prevent you from receiving Social Security retirement benefits or Social Security disability benefits either. Generally, you’re eligible for Medicare benefits if you: Are 65 or older; ... (IRMAA). This is essentially a premium that’s added to your premium. For 2022, the maximum you could end up paying monthly for ...IRMAA is based on your modified adjusted gross income, also referred to as MAGI, from your tax filings two years prior to your enrollment date. For example, you would qualify for IRMAA in 2024 if ...Three Strategies for Reducing Your IRMAA Roth IRA Conversions A large, one-time Roth IRA conversion will inflate your taxable income in a given year. This doesn’t mean you should avoid Roth conversions altogether. By making smaller incremental conversions over several years, you can avoid hitting the high-income threshold in any one year.The cumulative tax rate will be 24% if they convert $165,000 and stop before the second IRMAA tier, 26% if they convert $230,000 and stop before the third IRMAA tier, and so on. Break Point. Roth Conversion Amount. Cumulative Tax Rate. Before “tax torpedo”.The SSA-44 allows the Social Security Administration (SSA) to make the necessary corrections to lower or eliminate your IRMAA. An IRMAA determination letter informs certain taxpayers of their higher Medicare premiums, based on their income. If you have, you might be wondering how to reduce (or avoid) your IRMAA surcharges on your Social ...IRMAA is a surcharge on your Medicare premiums for parts B (medical insurance) and D (prescription drug plan). It is based on modified adjusted gross incomes (MAGI) at or higher than $97,000 for individuals or $194,000 for married filing jointly couples. Up to five tiers of additional surcharges range from $78.10 to $472.00 monthly per person.To avoid that, your Roth conversions should be handled in a smart way, over a series of years to fit your tax return while taking into account your IRMAA calculation.Feb 2, 2023 · To avoid a hefty IRMAA surcharge in the future, you may want to take steps to keep your modified adjusted gross income below the thresholds. “We had a client who ended up being $101 above the ... One more approach to mitigating or even avoiding Medicare surcharges is to file an appeal—especially in light of a life-changing event that may qualify for IRMAA reconsideration. These include: · The death …IRMAA is a surcharge added to your Medicare Parts B and D premiums, based on income. Learn more about IRMAA for 2024 and how it impacts your Medicare costs.What are the IRMAA Brackets for 2024. First, it is important to note that the official IRMAA Brackets for 2024 have not yet been released. However, by law, the IRMAA Brackets adjust according to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U). From 2022 to 2023 the CPI-U, if inflation remains constant, will increase by 5.65%.IRMAA is a surcharge on your Medicare premiums for parts B (medical insurance) and D (prescription drug plan). It is based on modified adjusted gross incomes (MAGI) at or higher than $97,000 for individuals or $194,000 for married filing jointly couples. Up to five tiers of additional surcharges range from $78.10 to $472.00 monthly per person.Medicare Part B Premium: $329.70 (normal $164.90 premium + $164.80 IRMAA surcharge) Medicare Part D Premium: $31.50 (monthly plan premium + $31.50 IRMAA surcharge) Example 2: Alison and Jeremiah are married with a MAGI of $300,000 in 2021. Since they will file as married filing jointly, the following applies for 2023:getty. Many long-retired beneficiaries are stunned when they get a notice from Social Security in November informing them that they will be subject to IRMAA (Income-related Monthly Adjustment ...According to the announcement, only 7% of beneficiaries pay more than the basic premium. For that 7%, the premium is structured as a two-part assessment: the basic assessment of $164.90 (down from $170.10 in 2022), plus what is called the income-related monthly adjustment amount (IRMAA)). Medicare Part B income-related monthly adjustment amountsTo Terry, I am all for trying to avoid IRMAA. That’s just smart financial planning. To Geezer – Same response as to Terry. I will, however, change my comment from “heavily subsidized” to “subsidized” …Sep 8, 2023 · However, only people above certain income levels pay an IRMAA surcharge.”. The 2023 income threshold for Medicare IRMAA is $97,000 for beneficiaries filing individual tax returns and $194,000 ... Keep in mind, each year the IRMAA amounts change. Thus, qualifying for IRMAA any year does not qualify you for life. Depending on your income, you may not have to pay the additional fee each year. Also, if you have a special situation and believe IRMAA should not apply to you, you can request a redetermination or IRMAA appeal.An inheritance won’t prevent you from receiving Social Security retirement benefits or Social Security disability benefits either. Generally, you’re eligible for Medicare benefits if you: Are 65 or older; ... (IRMAA). This is essentially a premium that’s added to your premium. For 2022, the maximum you could end up paying monthly for ...The Roth account then grows tax-free, and no tax is owed on future distributions. Future tax brackets, Social Security and Medicare IRMAA (Income-Related ...Nov 10, 2020 · The IRMAA applies to premiums for both Medicare Part B and Part D, though the calculations are different. Medicare Part B. The SSA will use the income tax information from the tax return a person ... IRMAA is based on your modified adjusted gross income, also referred to as MAGI, from your tax filings two years prior to your enrollment date. For example, you …adjustment amount (IRMAA) and you experienced a life-changing event that may reduce your IRMAA. To decide your IRMAA, we asked the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) about your adjusted gross income plus certain tax-exempt income which we call "modified adjusted gross income" or MAGI from the Federal income tax return you filed for tax year 2021.15 Mar 2023 ... Thus, the last thing you want is for your healthcare costs to unexpectedly rise, especially when you can prevent it. That's why it's important ...This IRMAA creates a surcharge you must pay in addition to the standard premiums. The base Medicare Part D premium varies based on which plan you pick. However, Medicare Part B is a standard plan with a base price. For 2023, the standard Medicare Part B premium is $164.90 per month. This is down $5.20 per month or -3.06% from last year.Adjustment Amounts (IRMAA). IRMAA is paid by every participant with relatively high income. IRMAA will also be referred to as “higher Medi-care premiums.” IRMAA is generally based on adjusted gross income (AGI) from Form 1040 plus tax-exempt interest, hereafter referred to as modified AGI (MAGI), for the second-previous year.1 TheThere will be cases when a beneficiary or the spouse of a beneficiary experiences one or more of the life changing events (LCE) listed in HI 01120.005C in this section, causing a significant reduction in modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). A “significant” reduction in MAGI is a reduction that decreases or eliminates the income …Here’s something else to keep in mind: Premiums for Medicare Part B, including any applicable IRMAA, would also be deducted automatically from your monthly benefit. (Read more about provisional income below.) Good to know: If you have a Medicare Part D plan, you would pay the IRMAA directly to the plan. However, you can also …Dec 19, 2022 · Retirees need to start planning at age 60 to avoid getting blindsided by the income-related monthly adjustment amount, or IRMAA, which can get tacked on to standard Medicare premiums. There are five IRMAA income brackets depending on your income and filing status. The standard Medicare Part B premium for 2023 is $164.90/month. Here are the brackets for 2023: 2021 Individual tax return. 2021 Joint tax return. 2021 Married & filing separate. 2023 Part B premium. 2023 Part D premium. $97,000 or less.In 2023, this amount was $33.06 and her late enrollment lasted for ten full months without coverage. To calculate Mrs.Martinez’s monthly penalty cost: Multiply 1% of the national base beneficiary ($0.3306) by the number of full uncovered months (10). The result – $3.306 – gets rounded to the nearest $.10 resulting in a monthly penalty of ...Keep in mind, each year the IRMAA amounts change. Thus, qualifying for IRMAA any year does not qualify you for life. Depending on your income, you may not have to pay the additional fee each year. Also, if you have a special situation and believe IRMAA should not apply to you, you can request a redetermination or IRMAA appeal.How to Avoid IRMAA with a New Initial Determination By Forrest Baumhover May 18, 2022 Reading Time: 10 minutes If you’re reading this article, you might have received an IRMAA (Income-Related …Feb 2, 2023 · To avoid a hefty IRMAA surcharge in the future, you may want to take steps to keep your modified adjusted gross income below the thresholds. “We had a client who ended up being $101 above the ... With some planning, there are steps you can take to avoid or reduce IRMAA. Here are 5 ideas: 1. Find Out in Which Future Years You Will Pay a Medicare Surcharge, IRMAA You can use the NewRetirement …Most Medicare enrollees pay the standard premium amounts for Part B (outpatient care) and Part D (prescription drugs). Yet an estimated 7% of Medicare’s 64.3 million beneficiaries end up paying ...Al: Agreed. The answer’s no. Unfortunately, when you do any kind of Roth conversion or show any kind of income that adjusts, that increases your adjusted gross income- and by the way, Frank, I guess for 2021, it’s $176,000. If you’re below $176,000, you pay the lowest of Medicare premiums.Jan 1, 2021 · To avoid getting issued an IRMAA, you can proactively tell the SSA of any changes your income has seen in the past two years using a “ Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount – Life-Changing Event ” form or by scheduling an interview with your local Social Security office (1-800-772-1213). Even if you are married, file jointly ... With proper planning, however, there are strategies to potentially avoid IRMAA both now and in the future. But first, let’s do a quick refresher on the basics. Medicare bases your premium on your latest tax return filed with the IRS. For example, when your 2023 Part B and D premiums were determined (likely occurred in …As you can see in the table of the amounts that will be in effect in 2024, the IRMAA amounts can add a lot to your total Medicare expenses: Income Threshold for Single Filers. Income Threshold for ...The best way to avoid being disenrolled is to set up the Medicare Easy Pay Option. Log into your online account at Medicare.gov and set up “Medicare Easy ...No, you can’t avoid IRMAA if you buy a Medicare Advantage plan. That’s also true, even if you buy a $0 premium Medicare Advantage plan. If you have a Medicare Advantage plan that includes prescription drug coverage (MAPD), you will still get charged a Medicare Part B and a Medicare Part D IRMAA charge. That’s because Medicare Part C …Aug 3, 2022 · To avoid that, your Roth conversions should be handled in a smart way, over a series of years to fit your tax return while taking into account your IRMAA calculation. medicare irmaa 2023 brackets jen psaki annual salary medicare irmaa 2023 brackets streetwear industry growth medicare irmaa 2023 brackets. dc food trucks national mall. american airlines detroit airport phone number; gartic phone unlocked. colombian coffee vs classic roast; where is megyn kelly now 2022;The 2023 IRMAA is based on the Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) from 2021. The standard monthly premium for Medicare Part B in 2023 is $164.90, but IRMAA can raise this amount by up to $395.60. IRMAA for Medicare Part D can also increase by as much as $76.40. Lowering MAGI can help reduce or eliminate future IRMAA fees.For Part B, the standard premium is $144.60, but as your income goes up, you’ll add an extra $90 per MAGI bracket. If you’re in the top bracket, your Part B coverage increases from $144.60 per month to $491.60 per month! For Part D, you’ll add an extra amount on top of your premium. This isn’t as big of a hit as Part B IRMAA, ranging ...The Five-Year Rule. To continue health benefits in retirement, you must be continuously enrolled in an FEHB plan for the five years prior to your retirement date and the start of your annuity. You don’t have to be enrolled in the same FEHB plan, but you must be continuously enrolled in some FEHB plan or, in the case of former military, TRICARE.If you popped into the first IRMAA tier for 2019, you'd have paid $798 over the year. That's .46%--less than half a percent--of your AGI. Go to the top of that tier, and you'd be paying .37%. Probably a better way to look at it is that you'd be paying 1.8% of the amount from $170,000-$214,000.Doing Roth conversions earlier in life or retirement can reduce future RMDs, which in turn lowers income to help avoid or reduce IRMAA. Another strategy is charitable giving in a couple of different ways. You can contribute cash, appreciated assets, or make qualified charitable distributions (QCDs) directly from your IRAs.Planning should begin a few years before you hit 65 to avoid an IRMAA hike. If your AGI is $87,000 or less for singles or $174,000 or less for a married couple, then you will qualify for the Medicare Part B baseline premium, which is $144.60 per person per month. But if your income falls above these levels, there are planning strategies to ...These tax-free withdrawals can enable you to avoid taking taxable withdrawals from other accounts, which, in turn, can help you avoid an increase in your IRMAA Consider a Roth IRA conversion. If you’ve been investing in a traditional IRA, you could convert some, or perhaps all, of the assets into a Roth IRA.Planning should begin a few years before you hit 65 to avoid an IRMAA hike. If your AGI is $87,000 or less for singles or $174,000 or less for a married couple, then you will qualify for the Medicare Part B baseline premium, which is $144.60 per person per month. But if your income falls above these levels, there are planning strategies to ...29 Agu 2023 ... Updates to IRMAA will affect you because in most cases it means you'll need to pay more for your Medicare. Will You Avoid IRMAA Surcharges?For Part D, the surcharges for 2022 range from $12.40 to $77.90. That’s in addition to any premium you pay, whether through a standalone prescription drug plan or through a Medicare Advantage ...Nov 20, 2023 · How to avoid an IRMAA. You can avoid paying an IRMAA either by lowering your taxable income or by making an appeal to the Social Security Administration (SSA). Lowering your taxable income is the best way to try to avoid an IRMAA in the future. You can also appeal an IRMAA decision directly with the SSA. Lower your taxable income IRMAA is a surcharge in monthly premiums for people with an income above a certain amount. Basically, if you are still employed and making a lot of money, you’ll be paying more for Medicare. IRMAA amounts show in the form of Medicare Part B and Part D additional premiums. The Social Security Administration determines whether you pay …To avoid a hefty IRMAA surcharge in the future, you may want to take steps to keep your modified adjusted gross income below the thresholds. “We had a client who ended up being $101 above the ...In order to appeal IRMAA you will need to fill out form SSA-44 titled “Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount – Life Changing Event”. Click here for the form. You will also have provide your most current Federal Tax Form as evidence. Once completed contact your local Social Security office for an appointment at (800) 772 …Jan 25, 2023 · This would reduce your MAGI for IRMAA purposes. Make a plan. Know what taking withdrawals from retirement accounts, selling real estate, or carrying out transactions that will net a large capital gain will mean for your taxable income. Structure these actions properly and you may avoid triggering the IRMAA penalty. There will be cases when a beneficiary or the spouse of a beneficiary experiences one or more of the life changing events (LCE) listed in HI 01120.005C in this section, causing a significant reduction in modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). A “significant” reduction in MAGI is a reduction that decreases or eliminates the income …Let’s start by understanding how IRMAA may affect your Medicare Part B and D premium. Usually, the split between SSA and you is 75 percent/25 percent. In other words, Medicare pays 75 percent of the premium, and you pay 25 percent. If you exceed the income thresholds, the split changes, and you may pay anywhere from 35 percent to the total ...The 2023 IRMAA is based on the Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) from 2021. The standard monthly premium for Medicare Part B in 2023 is $164.90, but IRMAA can raise this amount by up to $395.60. IRMAA for Medicare Part D can also increase by as much as $76.40. Lowering MAGI can help reduce or eliminate future IRMAA fees.How To Avoid IRMAA The Right Way Medicare IRMAA Calculation Explained . تشغيل play تحميل download 2023 Medicare Planning Higher Income IRMAA . ... 2023 Medicare Part B Premiums IRMAAs Deductible . تشغيل play تحميل download 2023 IRMAA Update Will You Have A Surcharge For Medicare Part B And D .Thankfully, avoiding IRMAA is not an overly complex or even strenuous process, but the simplest way to learn to avoid IRMAA is to understand what it is, who it is for and how someone reaches it in the first place. After this point avoiding IRMAA is extremely simple in theory, but as you will see extremely difficult to do under current financial ... Aug 15, 2019 · The good news is that, in years when your income dips, your IRMAA surcharge will also adjust downward—two years later. Now, let’s talk about three ways you can avoid paying IRMAA. Roth IRA conversions. A large, one-time Roth IRA conversion will increase your taxable income for the year in which it is processed. For an IRMAA appeal, be prepared to lose if your claim is based on something other than one of the life-changing events. ... If possible, avoid taking large, one-time withdrawals from your ...See the gallery for five planning tools you can use to help your clients reduce their income to avoid or reduce the impact of IRMAA. In reading through this list, you might be saying to yourself ...When IRS supplies SSA with the tax filing status of “Married, Filing Separately,” SSA assumes the couple lived together at some point in the tax year and uses the “Married, Filing Separately” Table (See HI 01101.020B.3) to determine the IRMAA.If one or both of the members allege living apart throughout the entire tax year, we will …Let’s start by understanding how IRMAA may affect your Medicare Part B and D premium. Usually, the split between SSA and you is 75 percent/25 percent. In other words, Medicare pays 75 percent of the premium, and you pay 25 percent. If you exceed the income thresholds, the split changes, and you may pay anywhere from 35 percent to the total ...Here are the seven life-changing events that can exempt you from the premium surcharges: 1. Death of a spouse, which significantly reduced your income. The SSA will need proof of the death and an estimate of your new income. 2. Marriage. The SSA will need proof that you got married and an estimate of your joint income.
Three Strategies for Reducing Your IRMAA Roth IRA Conversions A large, one-time Roth IRA conversion will inflate your taxable income in a given year. This doesn’t mean you should avoid Roth conversions altogether. By making smaller incremental conversions over several years, you can avoid hitting the high-income threshold in any one year.. Trenspider
To get a sense of whether you might be subject to IRMAA and, if so, how much you might pay, take a look at the chart below: 2 Or 2020 if 2021 isn’t available. 3 For 2023, the base premium for Part B is $164.90 per month. 4 Single, Head of Household or Qualifying Widow (er) with dependent child. 5 For Married Filing Separately: Those with MAGI ... For Part D, the surcharges for 2022 range from $12.40 to $77.90. That’s in addition to any premium you pay, whether through a standalone prescription drug plan or through a Medicare Advantage ...13 Des 2021 ... The primary way to avoid IRMAA surcharges involves planning, specifically income planning. If your Medicare Part B will start at age 65, and the ...... IRMAA impacts today's retirees and some smart strategies to avoid carelessly paying too much. What's Medicare IRMAA? IRMAA, or income-related monthly ...1. What Is IRMAA? The Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount sliding scale is a set of statutory percentage-based tables. These tables are used to adjust …3 Agu 2022 ... The most important thing you can do to limit or avoid IRMAA is to get educated about it before it can affect your Medicare premiums. Ask your ...Thankfully, avoiding IRMAA is not an overly complex or even strenuous process, but the simplest way to learn to avoid IRMAA is to understand what it is, who it is for and how someone reaches it in the first place. After this point avoiding IRMAA is extremely simple in theory, but as you will see extremely difficult to do under current financial ... IRMAA Tax! Example: If Single and 2020’s AGI + TEI was $91,001, that last $1 had a Marginal IRMAA Tax Rate of 96,500%!-In other words, if 2020’s AGI + TEI was $91,000 (or less), no IRMAA Tax is paid.-When AGI + TEI moves $1 above a threshold (i.e., step), IRMAA Tax is a large amount-$965 for the first stepIRMAA applicability and amounts are recalculated annually. The IRMAA surcharge is added to your 2023 premiums if your 2021 income was over $97,000 (or …IRMAA by Modified Adjusted Gross Income Total Monthly Part B Premium IRMAA Part D . $97,000 or less $164.90 (standard premium) $0.00 . $97,000.01-$402,999.99 $527.50 $70.00 . $403,000 or greater $560.50 $76.40 . Part B Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage Only . IRMAA by Modified Adjusted Gross Income …26 Okt 2022 ... If you sell your home in 2022, the taxable gain of $600,000 increases your 2022 MAGI from $200,000 to $800,000. This will throw you into the top ...Call +1 800-772-1213. Tell the representative you want to lower your Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA) due to a life-changing event. Call TTY +1 800-325-0778 if you're deaf or hard of hearing. If you've had a life-changing event that reduced your household income, you can ask to lower the additional amount you'll pay for ...where is sue aikens now; allied bakeries latest news; burstner eliseo 540; how many electrons can each shell hold; hidalgo county voting 2022 resultsFurthermore, IRMAA can increase Medicare Part D premiums by as much as $76.40. Thus, IRMAA can significantly increase your healthcare expenses if you make too much money. While there are ways to appeal IRMAA if you don’t think it applies to you, the easiest way to avoid it is to keep your retirement income below the threshold.15 Mar 2023 ... Thus, the last thing you want is for your healthcare costs to unexpectedly rise, especially when you can prevent it. That's why it's important ...Sep 13, 2023 · Based on your forecast, It is pretty sure that the 2023 IRMAA will be around $97,000 or $98,000 for individual or MFS. for 2024 IRMAA, your forecast is $101,000 with zero inflation from now till August 2023. Following your calculation method, if inflation is -2%, the 2024 IRMAA will be $100,000. Strategies to Reduce or Avoid IRMAA. For the sake of brevity, this article will not get into the nitty-gritty of each Medicare surcharge reduction strategy. However, we believe it’s important to overview the more common ways to reduce this cost and provide a high-level introduction. Tax-Deductible Contributions to Retirement AccountsAs you can see in the table of the amounts that will be in effect in 2024, the IRMAA amounts can add a lot to your total Medicare expenses: Income Threshold for Single Filers. Income Threshold for ...8 Des 2022 ... ... IRMAA. The thresholds increased from $91,000 and $182,000, respectively, in 2022, meaning some beneficiaries may avoid IRMAA surcharges ....